Classroom Analysis Essay

1.Why is a classroom a miniature of a greater society? A classroom is a miniature of a greater society because it is where all basic and formal learning begins; where all the proper and acquisition of knowledge takes place. It is a part of the society that engages in promoting and preparing learners for more and broader task, role and obligation.The teacher or professor plays the role of the leader/monarch, while the students are the citizens. The citizens are supposed to follow the rules and laws of the society (class) that the leaders (teachers) set. In every classroom, there are different kinds of people: Those who work hard, those who play hard, those who do both, those who do neither. In society, you also get these kinds of people. There will also probably be little cliques, in this case, representative of small groups in society. Then there are the high class, those who fly past everything without hitches, the middle class who get by, and the lower class who are really struggling to keep up with the coursework. The teacher may offe r remedial sessions, which can be compared to any welfare packages that the government decides to hand out. 2.What are found in the classrooms that are similar to what can be observed in society? It can found there the leader that serves as the teacher and the people serves as the students. All they do are similar with what can we see in the society. The teacher led the students to know about a certain thing that builds them to become a better individual; the same within a society a president, mayor, or a Brgy. Chairman leads its people to build a harmonious relationship among others. The Discussion and interaction among the learners and the teachers in promoting knowledge; unity, cooperation and creativeness in accomplishing given task and responsibilities; having a harmonious relationship on each and every member of the class and the facilities and equipment for learning and development.

My Favourite Personality

MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan As arrow of time moves, the Will of God prevails and is focused on the emergence of humans endowed with exceptional intellectual capabilities and creative abilities. Such are the men who, by their good deeds, fulfill the edict of God, as revealed in the Holy Quran: â€Å"I have created man in the best of forms. † (Al Quran; Surah 95; Ayah 04) These are the people, who are destined to make history in the elevation of nations.Such is the personality of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, who is my favourite personality, who was born in Bhopal on April 1, 1936. As the time has unfolded itself, the Godly qualities enshrined in the words â€Å"Qadeer† symbolized in the name of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan have raised the Pakistani nation to new heights in high technology. After receiving his early education in Bhopal, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1960 from the University of Karachi.Subsequently, he studied in Berlin, West Germany, Holland and Belgium and achieved high competence through attending several courses in metallurgical engineering. The restless soul of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan took him to several laboratories in Europe including Uranium Enrichment Plant in Holland. The scientific contributions of Dr. Khan have been recognized in several ways. As an active scientist and technologist, he has published more than 188 scientific research papers in international journals of high repute.It is entirely due to his efforts that the process of enrichment of Uranium was successfully completed in Pakistan. This breakthrough ultimately resulted in the historic explosion of six nuclear bombs on May 28 and May 30, 1998. Dr. Khan is the only Pakistani to have received the highest civil award of â€Å"Nishan-i-Imtiaz† twice. He is a person imbued with the spirit of serving the cause of Pakistan and Muslim Ummah through his able researches, high acumen, intellectual robustness and unwavering devotion.He has been awarded 42 gold medals by various national institutions and organizations. As an ardent supporter of higher education, he sits on the Boards of Governors and Syndicates of numerous universities and institutes. It is rare that a person in single life time accomplishes so much. This is done only by men who are endowed with special abilities by God and who prepare themselves through hard work and devotion to fulfill the mission of serving mankind. May Allah guide our youngsters to the path, which is presented by Dr. Khan.

Night by Elie Wiesel

Cattle cars. Burning bodies. Auschwitz. These words are engraved in the mind of every Jewish person on Earth. After decades, Holocaust survivors still have nightmares about these thoughts. One word, one indescribable word, will forever stay with these people. Holocaust. Many people of the Jewish faith realize the power of that word, but many others still need to learn. A man is sitting peacefully in his home; he has no worries, even when Nazi soldiers dragged him into the horrendous ghettos. He also willfully went into cattle cars, and then finally into Auschwitz. This is where that man realized that his life became horrible.Throughout the months in the work camp, throughout all of the suffering, his will to survive surpassed the will to kill of Nazi soldiers. Years later, people know that events like the Holocaust will, and are happening right now, such as the Bosnian Genocide 1992. Education also will get rid of the desire for power in human beings. Educating students about the Hol ocaust, and other genocides, will help prevent genocides in future generations. Man has the will to survive and surpass evil like the Holocaust survivors, genocides like this will happen again, and education will help prevent genocides in the future.In the face of evil man can surpass the death that evil brings upon it. In the book Night by Elie Wiesel, he describes the event of selection which occurs every two weeks. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. (Elie Wiesel) This quote symbolizes Elie’s first selection in Auschwitz.As he and his father follow the lines to the selection process, they walk by flames consuming live babies. This part in the book made me wince because just the thought of babies being bu rned can make even the toughest person get to the brink of tears. Once at the entrance to Auschwitz he faces a guard who asks questions about him. He passes the first selection and so does his father, but sadly this is the place where he leaves his mother and little sister, Tzipora, forever. After many years, Elie realizes that they were probably taken to the crematoriums right away. fter living in the concentration camps for a while they go through their next selection process. Every time the selection process comes around Elie and his father escape with their lives, while others aren’t as lucky and get sent to the crematoriums. Every time they were capable of working and they were healthy so he and his father were let off. Every time they passed the selection, they surpassed evil because of the Nazi soldiers. These Nazi soldiers wanted reason to kill people, and sometimes they did it without reason.They surpassed the death evil brought upon them by having the will to get th rough the selection process, and they knew that as long as they had each other each would have the will to survive and live another day. People believe the lie that events like the Holocaust will not happen again. This is a lie because genocides have occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Cambodia, and others. In all of these genocides one race had the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.In the genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina the Serbs led a genocide against the Muslims in Bosnia. 200,000 Muslims were systematically murdered in this genocide. Beginning on April 6, 1994 the Hutu militia led a genocide against the Tutsis and the means of killing were clubs and machetes. As many as 10,000 civilians were murdered a day. In the one hundred day genocide 800,000 people were murdered. In Cambodia the leader of Pol Pot, Khmer Rouge attempted to make a communist peasant farming society, and in the process killed 25% of the population o f Cambodia by means of overworking, starvation, and executions.As you can see there have been many genocides over the years after the Holocaust, but these were the most devastating and brutal. Education will help our students learn the horrors of the Holocaust, and will hopefully prevent genocides like it from future generations. By showing our students the atrocities of the Holocaust all of them will say that something like this could never happen again, and if it did how would the world let it happen. There are many things taught in schools, colleges, and even classes for older people out of school to help them learn about the Holocaust and how to prevent genocides like it in the future.These efforts assume that learning about genocides will prevent its recurrence. However there are still genocides happening, like the ones I described in the paragraph above, so something about genocide education is wrong. There is a disjuncture about what people are teaching, and what is actually happening. In my opinion we need to do a better job teaching about the prevention of genocides. Doing this will hopefully make a big impact on the future, so nothing like the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia ever happen again.As you can see if man can survive the evil wrath, and surpass death with their will to survive, and even after educated people on the Holocaust, genocides like it have happened again and again. The holocaust has taught me a lot about the world around me, and from it I also learned that I should appreciate everything that I have because it can all be taken away in a second like the Jewish race. It also helped me learn about other holocausts and what we need to do to prevent it. We need to ask ourselves this question, if genocides are happening after the Holocaust, what are we supposed to do to prevent them? Night by Elie Wiesel Elie Wiesel’s famous book, Night, was written as a memoir from his experience as a Jewish victim of the holocaust.   Written in the 1950’s, it serves as one of the best and most accurate resources on the holocaust, as well as being one of the few literary memoirs ever written on the subject.   As a young teenager, Wiesel struggles with his devout religious nature and the godless and destitute place he has just left and somehow survived.   On top of his own personal struggles, he is forced into a concentration camp, along with his father.   His struggle is recounted, and his life within Auschwitz and beyond is documented.The main character, Eliezer, is much more than just a character-he is also the narrative, telling his story and his direct experiences in the Nazi concentration camps.   (The main character, Eliezer, is not to be confused with the author, Elie.   Eliezer was an alter-ego made up by Elie in order to disassociate slightly with the tremendous ha rdships his character faces.)   I have only read a handful of book on the Holocaust, but this book proved to be particularly chilling, as the main character describes his experience incredibly intimately.You literally experience it alongside of him.   However, it is interesting that he not only described the physical events that he went through, but also the emotional and spiritual journeys he embarked upon.   His fundamental beliefs are suddenly called into question, bringing a much needed side of humanity to historical depictions of the Holocaust.One of the strongest themes throughout the novel is that of seeking and making peace with God.   Wiesel begins the story by speaking about his Jewish studies and his lengthy prayer rituals.   He describes how the Nazis have obliterated and destroyed the synagogue which he attends.   Towards the end of the book, any mention of Jewish observance has disappeared.   When his father passes, Wiesel states, â€Å"â€Å"[t]here we re no prayers at his grave. No candles were lit in his memory.†Ã‚   This gives implication to the fact that throughout Wiesel’s ordeal within the concentration camps, he has left his faith in God, or at the very least has lost the need for spiritual renewal through prayer and ritual.Wiesel struggles throughout the entire book with his faith in God.   Towards the beginning of the book, the author states, â€Å"â€Å"Why did I pray? . . . Why did I live? Why did I breathe?† when asked why he prays to his God.   This shows that his faith in God is much like God’s love for him-unconditional.   In addition, Wiesel struggles with the main teachings of Jewish mysticism.   For example, his faith is based around the basic belief that God is everywhere, God is a good and divine being, and since God is everywhere in the world, the world must therefore also be good.   His experiences tell him otherwise.As stated above, his faith changes and shifts significa ntly throughout his experience within the concentration camps.   However, throughout the middle of the book, Wiesel maintains that he is struggling with his faith, a significant and important distinction rather than abandoning his faith.   Almost all Christian faiths teach that not only is questioning one’s faith acceptable, it is encouraged.   After all, how can one have faith without doubting first?   At one point, Moshe the Beadle is quizzed on his reasoning behind prayer.He answers, â€Å"â€Å"I pray to the God within me that He will give me the strength to ask Him the right questions.†Ã‚   This is a perfect example of questioning faith in God.   However, throughout Wiesel’s experience during the Holocaust, he does much more than simply questioning his faith.   He must confront basic ideas of good and evil, and ultimately whether there is a God that exists that would allow such atrocities to be committed by humans to other humans.Ironically, at the end of the book, Wiesel states that his faith has been completely dissolved and destroyed.   However, he also states at the same time that he will never forget the things that he has experienced even if he â€Å"live[s] as long as God Himself.†Ã‚   He has just before completely denied any existence or presence of God, yet he is still only struggling with his faith in God-a major, recurring theme throughout the book.   However, Wiesel’s situation is also quite complex.   His heritage IS his religion.He is both Jewish in ancestry, as well as Jewish in religion.   How can your religion and mind escape your body?   It would be hard enough to abandon a religion you have grown up with, but this religion in particular is literally all-consuming.   It would be near-impossible for him to deny any existence of God because of this.Throughout the Holocaust museum, signs are posted with slogans such as â€Å"Never forget†-an anthem that was often used (and i s still used today) after September 11th, 2001.   However, Wiesel actually personalizes this â€Å"never forget† slogan when he eloquently states, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed†¦Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust.Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.†Ã‚   This is one of the first times that the author is able to reflect upon and to take in what is happening around him.   This is also an ironic allusion to Psalm 150, where each line starts with, â€Å"Hallelujah† or â€Å"Praise God.† The author inverts these phrases, beginning each line with â€Å"never.†Ã‚   Psalm 150 is obviously a Psalm of praise.   The passage in Night calls into question the very existence of God, or at the least Wieselâ€℠¢s basis of faith in a God.One of the most obvious symbols, yet also the most complex symbol appearing throughout the book is the night itself.   Night and darkness is a symbol for the absolute worst in humanity, as well as an allusion to the creation of the earth.   God’s first act was to create light; therefore, this was God’s first actual presence on earth.   God’s seeming abandonment of His people is metaphorical within the idea of night.   In other words, Eliezer believe that he is living in a world without God.Most critics agree that Wiesel’s Night is one of the few pieces of literature that absolutely must be read by every person in the world.   Included in this is Thane Rosenbaum, law professor and reviewer for the New York Times.   She states, â€Å"This collection is a noble literary achievement.†Ã‚   She goes on later to say, â€Å"And on top of all of these mysteries and contradictions is the greatest of them all,† re ferring to the excellent style in which the author both engages the reader in an intimate conversation while still allowing the reader to imagine the painful experiences Wiesel must have experienced.Critic Itzhak Ivry had the same positive opinion of the book.   Ivry indirectly says that of course the subject Wiesel wrote on would be interesting, thought provoking, and emotional.   However, Wisel’s style of writing is praised, as Ivry states, â€Å"Mr. Wiesel writes in short, staccato sentences, in the simplest words, and in a relentless, self-denying effort to tell the whole truth as he saw and felt it, moment by moment, day by day.†Ã‚   Ivry discusses in detail Wiesel’s gradual disillusionment with God.Ivry also discusses and alludes to the Hall of Shoes lining the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.   There is a room filled with hundred and hundreds of shoes in every imaginable shape and size.   Many are still covered in dust, dirt, and ash.   Ivry alludes to this when saying, â€Å"Children’s shoes are a touching sight when piled up in a concentration camp storehouse, and a child’s reaction to the twentieth century’s greatest calamity is especially poignant.†One of the most difficult parts of reading this book is its intense resemblance of the current crisis in Darfur.   It is almost as if the book itself were echoing and simultaneously foreshadowing the voices of the lost children in the Darfur region of the Sudan.   One of the main points of the book is that all citizens of humanity are able to commit atrocities just like these, and the rest of humanity must keep one another in check, lest something happens just like the holocaust.   Unfortunately, genocide is taking place just a continent away.   It seems as though Wiesel wrote Night specifically for the purpose of encouraging us to â€Å"step up to the plate,† to make up for our lack of response during the Holocaust.Night proved to be an extremely difficult book to read.   Elie Wiesel is a fantastic author, and he truly captures the reader’s attention by not only telling his story, but also by showing how easily this happened, and how easy it would be for it to happen all over again.   Wiesel manages to bring about an aspect of humanity not apparent in other historical memoirs-and the critics obviously agree.   However, it is a book that I truly believe should be read by everyone, as it has incredibly valuable lessons to teach about faith and humanity.ReferencesIvry, Itzhak. â€Å"Memory of Torment.† Rev. of Night, by Elie Wiesel. Saturday Review 17 Dec. 1960.Rosenbaum, Thane. â€Å"Revealing, Concealing.† Rev. of Night, by Elie Wiesel. Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. 2007.Wiesel, Elie. Night. 3rd ed. New York: Bantam, 1982. Night by Elie Wiesel NIGHT ESSAY In the beginning of Night, written by Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel, Wiesel has been in the concentration camps suffering changes in his life, physically, mentally, and spiritually. In the beginning of Night, Wiesel’s identity is an innocent child and a devouted Jew. He was a happy child with a desire to study the Talmud, until his experience in Auschwitz, in which he changed his mental ways. First of all, he used to believe that all people were nice and that human were not capable of hurting another human being.He later changed his mind after the way he saw the Hungarian police destroyed there own kind, human beings, and he no longer thought that way, â€Å"†Faster! Faster! Move, you lazy good-for-nothings! † the Hungarian police were screaming. That was when I began to hate them, and my hatred remains our only link today. They were our first oppressors. They were the first faces of hell and death (page 19). † The Hungarian police see the Jews as animals, a little insignificant animal they can devour.Another belief he used to have was that God should always be prayed and respected. He later told himself, â€Å"For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for† (Page 31)? † He felt like if God wasn’t doing anything to help these innocent human beings that practically praise him to save them all, when in reality, everyone is getting burned, abused, and getting shot.One of the thing the thought to have existed was the his opinion of the Hungarian police. In the beginning when the SS came to siget, the Jewish didn’t worry they welcomed them and they kept their space from them, he and the Jewish thought that they were not going to send them to those concentration camps Moishe the Beadle had told them about. all of the sudden everything changed, â€Å"From that m oment on, everything happened very quickly. The race toward death had begun. First edict: Jews were prohibited from leaving their residences for three days, under penalty of death.The same day, the Hungarian police burst into every Jewish home in town: a Jew was henceforth forbidden to own gold, jewelry, or any valuables. Everything had to be handed over to the authorities, under penalty of death. Three days later, a new decree: every Jew had to wear the yellow star (Page 72). † He had many changes in his life, physically, mentally, and spiritually. although, what changed him the most was how he had changed mentally because thats the way life is reflecting his attutude towards other people, things, and thoughts Night by Elie Wiesel Elie Wiesel’s famous book, Night, was written as a memoir from his experience as a Jewish victim of the holocaust.   Written in the 1950’s, it serves as one of the best and most accurate resources on the holocaust, as well as being one of the few literary memoirs ever written on the subject.   As a young teenager, Wiesel struggles with his devout religious nature and the godless and destitute place he has just left and somehow survived.   On top of his own personal struggles, he is forced into a concentration camp, along with his father.   His struggle is recounted, and his life within Auschwitz and beyond is documented.The main character, Eliezer, is much more than just a character-he is also the narrative, telling his story and his direct experiences in the Nazi concentration camps.   (The main character, Eliezer, is not to be confused with the author, Elie.   Eliezer was an alter-ego made up by Elie in order to disassociate slightly with the tremendous ha rdships his character faces.)   I have only read a handful of book on the Holocaust, but this book proved to be particularly chilling, as the main character describes his experience incredibly intimately.   You literally experience it alongside of him.   However, it is interesting that he not only described the physical events that he went through, but also the emotional and spiritual journeys he embarked upon.   His fundamental beliefs are suddenly called into question, bringing a much needed side of humanity to historical depictions of the Holocaust.One of the strongest themes throughout the novel is that of seeking and making peace with God.   Wiesel begins the story by speaking about his Jewish studies and his lengthy prayer rituals.   He describes how the Nazis have obliterated and destroyed the synagogue which he attends.   Towards the end of the book, any mention of Jewish observance has disappeared.   When his father passes, Wiesel states, â€Å"â€Å"[t]he re were no prayers at his grave. No candles were lit in his memory.†Ã‚   This gives implication to the fact that throughout Wiesel’s ordeal within the concentration camps, he has left his faith in God, or at the very least has lost the need for spiritual renewal through prayer and ritual.Wiesel struggles throughout the entire book with his faith in God.   Towards the beginning of the book, the author states, â€Å"â€Å"Why did I pray? . . . Why did I live? Why did I breathe?† when asked why he prays to his God.   This shows that his faith in God is much like God’s love for him-unconditional.   In addition, Wiesel struggles with the main teachings of Jewish mysticism.   For example, his faith is based around the basic belief that God is everywhere, God is a good and divine being, and since God is everywhere in the world, the world must therefore also be good.   His experiences tell him otherwise.As stated above, his faith changes and shifts sign ificantly throughout his experience within the concentration camps.   However, throughout the middle of the book, Wiesel maintains that he is struggling with his faith, a significant and important distinction rather than abandoning his faith.   Almost all Christian faiths teach that not only is questioning one’s faith acceptable, it is encouraged.   After all, how can one have faith without doubting first?   At one point, Moshe the Beadle is quizzed on his reasoning behind prayer.He answers, â€Å"â€Å"I pray to the God within me that He will give me the strength to ask Him the right questions.†Ã‚   This is a perfect example of questioning faith in God.   However, throughout Wiesel’s experience during the Holocaust, he does much more than simply questioning his faith.   He must confront basic ideas of good and evil, and ultimately whether there is a God that exists that would allow such atrocities to be committed by humans to other humans.Ironicall y, at the end of the book, Wiesel states that his faith has been completely dissolved and destroyed.   However, he also states at the same time that he will never forget the things that he has experienced even if he â€Å"live[s] as long as God Himself.†Ã‚   He has just before completely denied any existence or presence of God, yet he is still only struggling with his faith in God-a major, recurring theme throughout the book.   However, Wiesel’s situation is also quite complex.   His heritage IS his religion.   He is both Jewish in ancestry, as well as Jewish in religion.   How can your religion and mind escape your body?   It would be hard enough to abandon a religion you have grown up with, but this religion in particular is literally all-consuming.   It would be near-impossible for him to deny any existence of God because of this.Throughout the Holocaust museum, signs are posted with slogans such as â€Å"Never forget†-an anthem that was often u sed (and is still used today) after September 11th, 2001.   However, Wiesel actually personalizes this â€Å"never forget† slogan when he eloquently states, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed†¦Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.†This is one of the first times that the author is able to reflect upon and to take in what is happening around him.   This is also an ironic allusion to Psalm 150, where each line starts with, â€Å"Hallelujah† or â€Å"Praise God.† The author inverts these phrases, beginning each line with â€Å"never.†Ã‚   Psalm 150 is obviously a Psalm of praise.   The passage in Night calls into question the very existence of God, or at the least Wieselà ¢â‚¬â„¢s basis of faith in a God.One of the most obvious symbols, yet also the most complex symbol appearing throughout the book is the night itself.   Night and darkness is a symbol for the absolute worst in humanity, as well as an allusion to the creation of the earth.   God’s first act was to create light; therefore, this was God’s first actual presence on earth.   God’s seeming abandonment of His people is metaphorical within the idea of night.   In other words, Eliezer believe that he is living in a world without God.Most critics agree that Wiesel’s Night is one of the few pieces of literature that absolutely must be read by every person in the world.   Included in this is Thane Rosenbaum, law professor and reviewer for the New York Times.   She states, â€Å"This collection is a noble literary achievement.†Ã‚   She goes on later to say, â€Å"And on top of all of these mysteries and contradictions is the greatest of them all,â₠¬  referring to the excellent style in which the author both engages the reader in an intimate conversation while still allowing the reader to imagine the painful experiences Wiesel must have experienced.Critic Itzhak Ivry had the same positive opinion of the book.   Ivry indirectly says that of course the subject Wiesel wrote on would be interesting, thought provoking, and emotional.   However, Wisel’s style of writing is praised, as Ivry states, â€Å"Mr. Wiesel writes in short, staccato sentences, in the simplest words, and in a relentless, self-denying effort to tell the whole truth as he saw and felt it, moment by moment, day by day.†Ã‚   Ivry discusses in detail Wiesel’s gradual disillusionment with God.Ivry also discusses and alludes to the Hall of Shoes lining the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.   There is a room filled with hundred and hundreds of shoes in every imaginable shape and size.   Many are still covered in dust, dirt, and ash.   Ivry alludes to this when saying, â€Å"Children’s shoes are a touching sight when piled up in a concentration camp storehouse, and a child’s reaction to the twentieth century’s greatest calamity is especially poignant.†One of the most difficult parts of reading this book is its intense resemblance of the current crisis in Darfur.   It is almost as if the book itself were echoing and simultaneously foreshadowing the voices of the lost children in the Darfur region of the Sudan.   One of the main points of the book is that all citizens of humanity are able to commit atrocities just like these, and the rest of humanity must keep one another in check, lest something happens just like the holocaust.   Unfortunately, genocide is taking place just a continent away.   It seems as though Wiesel wrote Night specifically for the purpose of encouraging us to â€Å"step up to the plate,† to make up for our lack of response during the Holocaust.Night proved to be an extremely difficult book to read.   Elie Wiesel is a fantastic author, and he truly captures the reader’s attention by not only telling his story, but also by showing how easily this happened, and how easy it would be for it to happen all over again.   Wiesel manages to bring about an aspect of humanity not apparent in other historical memoirs-and the critics obviously agree.   However, it is a book that I truly believe should be read by everyone, as it has incredibly valuable lessons to teach about faith and humanity.ReferencesIvry, Itzhak. â€Å"Memory of Torment.† Rev. of Night, by Elie Wiesel. Saturday Review 17 Dec. 1960.Rosenbaum, Thane. â€Å"Revealing, Concealing.† Rev. of Night, by Elie Wiesel. Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. 2007.Wiesel, Elie. Night. 3rd ed. New York: Bantam, 1982.

Digital Fortress Chapter 10

â€Å"Ensei Tankado is dead?† Susan felt a wave of nausea. â€Å"You killed him? I thought you said-â€Å" â€Å"We didn't touch him,† Strathmore assured her. â€Å"He died of a heart attack. COMINT phoned early this morning. Their computer flagged Tankado's name in a Seville police log through Interpol.† â€Å"Heart attack?† Susan looked doubtful. â€Å"He was thirty years old.† â€Å"Thirty-two,† Strathmore corrected. â€Å"He had a congenital heart defect.† â€Å"I'd never heard that.† â€Å"Turned up in his NSA physical. Not something he bragged about.† Susan was having trouble accepting the serendipity of the timing. â€Å"A defective heart could kill him-just like that?† It seemed too convenient. Strathmore shrugged. â€Å"Weak heart†¦ combine it with the heat of Spain. Throw in the stress of blackmailing the NSA†¦.† Susan was silent a moment. Even considering the conditions, she felt a pang of loss at the passing of such a brilliant fellow cryptographer. Strathmore's gravelly voice interrupted her thoughts. â€Å"The only silver lining on this whole fiasco is that Tankado was traveling alone. Chances are good his partner doesn't know yet he's dead. The Spanish authorities said they'd contain the information for as long as possible. We only got the call because COMINT was on the ball.† Strathmore eyed Susan closely. â€Å"I've got to find the partner before he finds out Tankado's dead. That's why I called you in. I need your help.† Susan was confused. It seemed to her that Ensei Tankado's timely demise had solved their entire problem. â€Å"Commander,† she argued, â€Å"if the authorities are saying he died of a heart attack, we're off the hook; his partner will know the NSA is not responsible.† â€Å"Not responsible?† Strathmore's eyes widened in disbelief. â€Å"Somebody blackmails the NSA and turns up dead a few days later-and we're not responsible? I'd bet big money Tankado's mystery friend won't see it that way. Whatever happened, we look guilty as hell. It could easily have been poison, a rigged autopsy, any number of things.† Strathmore paused. â€Å"What was your first reaction when I told you Tankado was dead?† She frowned. â€Å"I thought the NSA had killed him.† â€Å"Exactly. If the NSA can put five Rhyolite satellites in geosynchronous orbit over the Mideast, I think it's safe to assume we have the resources to pay off a few Spanish policemen.† The commander had made his point. Susan exhaled. Ensei Tankado is dead. The NSA will be blamed. â€Å"Can we find his partner in time?† â€Å"I think so. We've got a good lead. Tankado made numerous public announcements that he was working with a partner. I think he hoped it would discourage software firms from doing him any harm or trying to steal his key. He threatened that if there was any foul play, his partner would publish the key, and all firms would suddenly find themselves in competition with free software.† â€Å"Clever.† Susan nodded. Strathmore went on. â€Å"A few times, in public, Tankado referred to his partner by name. He called him North Dakota.† â€Å"North Dakota? Obviously an alias of some sort.† â€Å"Yes, but as a precaution I ran an Internet inquiry using North Dakota as a search string. I didn't think I'd find anything, but I turned up an E-mail account.† Strathmore paused. â€Å"Of course I assumed it wasn't the North Dakota we were looking for, but I searched the account just to be sure. Imagine my shock when I found the account was full of E-mail from Ensei Tankado.† Strathmore raised his eyebrows. â€Å"And the messages were full of references to Digital Fortress and Tankado's plans to blackmail the NSA.† Susan gave Strathmore a skeptical look. She was amazed the commander was letting himself be played with so easily. â€Å"Commander,† she argued, â€Å"Tankado knows full well the NSA can snoop E-mail from the Internet; he would never use E-mail to send secret information. It's a trap. Ensei Tankado gave you North Dakota. He knew you'd run a search. Whatever information he's sending, he wanted you to find-it's a false trail.† â€Å"Good instinct,† Strathmore fired back, â€Å"except for a couple of things. I couldn't find anything under North Dakota, so I tweaked the search string. The account I found was under a variation-NDAKOTA.† Susan shook her head. â€Å"Running permutations is standard procedure. Tankado knew you'd try variations until you hit something. NDAKOTA's far too easy an alteration.† â€Å"Perhaps,† Strathmore said, scribbling words on apiece of paper and handing it to Susan. â€Å"But look at this.† Susan read the paper. She suddenly understood the Commander's thinking. On the paper was North Dakota's E-mail address. [email protected] It was the letters ARA in the address that had caught Susan's eye. ARA stood for American Remailers Anonymous, a well-known anonymous server. Anonymous servers were popular among Internet users who wanted to keep their identities secret. For a fee, these companies protected an E-mailer's privacy by acting as a middleman for electronic mail. It was like having a numbered post office box-a user could send and receive mail without ever revealing his true address or name. The company received E-mail addressed to aliases and then forwarded it to the client's real account. The remailing company was bound by contract never to reveal the identity or location of its real users. â€Å"It's not proof,† Strathmore said. â€Å"But it's pretty suspicious.† Susan nodded, suddenly more convinced. â€Å"So you're saying Tankado didn't care if anybody searched for North Dakota because his identity and location are protected by ARA.† â€Å"Exactly.† Susan schemed for a moment. â€Å"ARA services mainly U.S. accounts. You think North Dakota might be over here somewhere?† Strathmore shrugged. â€Å"Could be. With an American partner, Tankado could keep the two pass-keys separated geographically. Might be a smart move.† Susan considered it. She doubted Tankado would have shared his pass-key with anyone except a very close friend, and as she recalled, Ensei Tankado didn't have many friends in the States. â€Å"North Dakota,† she mused, her cryptological mind mulling over the possible meanings of the alias. â€Å"What does his E-mail to Tankado sound like?† â€Å"No idea. COMINT only caught Tankado's outbound. At this point all we have on North Dakota is an anonymous address.† Susan thought a minute. â€Å"Any chance it's a decoy?† Strathmore raised an eyebrow. â€Å"How so?† â€Å"Tankado could be sending bogus E-mail to a dead account in hopes we'd snoop it. We'd think he's protected, and he'd never have to risk sharing his pass-key. He could be working alone.† Strathmore chuckled, impressed. â€Å"Tricky idea, except for one thing. He's not using any of his usual home or business Internet accounts. He's been dropping by Doshisha University and logging on to their mainframe. Apparently he's got an account there that he's managed to keep secret. It's a very well-hidden account, and I found it only by chance.† Strathmore paused. â€Å"So†¦ if Tankado wanted us to snoop his mail, why would he use a secret account?† Susan contemplated the question. â€Å"Maybe he used a secret account so you wouldn't suspect a ploy? Maybe Tankado hid the account just deep enough that you'd stumble on to it and think you got lucky. It gives his E-mail credibility.† Strathmore chuckled. â€Å"You should have been a field agent. The idea's a good one. Unfortunately, every letter Tankado sends gets a response. Tankado writes, his partner responds.† Susan frowned. â€Å"Fair enough. So, you're saying North Dakota's for real.† â€Å"Afraid so. And we've got to find him. And quietly. If he catches wind that we're onto him, it's all over.† Susan now knew exactly why Strathmore had called her in. â€Å"Let me guess,† she said. â€Å"You want me to snoop ARA's secure database and find North Dakota's real identity?† Strathmore gave her a tight smile. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, you read my mind.† When it came to discreet Internet searches, Susan Fletcher was the woman for the job. A year ago, a senior White House official had been receiving E-mail threats from someone with an anonymous E-mail address. The NSA had been asked to locate the individual. Although the NSA had the clout to demand the remailing company reveal the user's identity, it opted for a more subtle method-a â€Å"tracer.† Susan had created, in effect, a directional beacon disguised as a piece of E-mail. She could send it to the user's phony address, and the remailing company, performing the duty for which it had been contracted, would forward it to the user's real address. Once there, the program would record its Internet location and send word back to the NSA. Then the program would disintegrate without a trace. From that day on, as far as the NSA was concerned, anonymous remailers were nothing more than a minor annoyance. â€Å"Can you find him?† Strathmore asked. â€Å"Sure. Why did you wait so long to call me?† â€Å"Actually†-he frowned-â€Å"I hadn't planned on calling you at all. I didn't want anyone else in the loop. I tried to send a copy of your tracer myself, but you wrote the damn thing in one of those new hybrid languages; I couldn't get it to work. It kept returning nonsensical data. I finally had to bite the bullet and bring you in.† Susan chuckled. Strathmore was a brilliant cryptographic programmer, but his repertoire was limited primarily to algorithmic work; the nuts and bolts of less lofty â€Å"secular† programming often escaped him. What was more, Susan had written her tracer in a new, crossbreed programming language called LIMBO; it was understandable that Strathmore had encountered problems. â€Å"I'll take care of it.† She smiled, turning to leave. â€Å"I'll be at my terminal.† â€Å"Any idea on a time frame?† Susan paused. â€Å"Well†¦ it depends on how efficiently ARA forwards their mail. If he's here in the States and uses something like AOL or CompuServe, I'll snoop his credit card and get a billing address within the hour. If he's with a university or corporation, it'll take a little longer.† She smiled uneasily. â€Å"After that, the rest is up to you.† Susan knew that â€Å"the rest† would be an NSA strike team, cutting power to the guy's house and crashing through his windows with stun guns. The team would probably think it was on a drug bust. Strathmore would undoubtedly stride through the rubble himself and locate the sixty-four-character pass-key. Then he would destroy it. Digital Fortress would languish forever on the Internet, locked for all eternity. â€Å"Send the tracer carefully,† Strathmore urged. â€Å"If North Dakota sees we're onto him, he'll panic, and I'll never get a team there before he disappears with the key.† â€Å"Hit and run,† she assured. â€Å"The moment this thing finds his account, it'll dissolve. He'll never know we were there.† The commander nodded tiredly. â€Å"Thanks.† Susan gave him a soft smile. She was always amazed how even in the face of disaster Strathmore could muster a quiet calm. She was convinced it was this ability that had defined his career and lifted him to the upper echelons of power. As Susan headed for the door, she took a long look down at TRANSLTR. The existence of an unbreakable algorithm was a concept she was still struggling to grasp. She prayed they'd find North Dakota in time. â€Å"Make it quick,† Strathmore called, â€Å"and you'll be in the Smoky Mountains by nightfall.† Susan froze in her tracks. She knew she had never mentioned her trip to Strathmore. She wheeled. Is the NSA tapping my phone? Strathmore smiled guiltily. â€Å"David told me about your trip this morning. He said you'd be pretty ticked about postponing it.† Susan was lost. â€Å"You talked to David this morning?† â€Å"Of course.† Strathmore seemed puzzled by Susan's reaction. â€Å"I had to brief him.† â€Å"Brief him?† she demanded. â€Å"For what?† â€Å"For his trip. I sent David to Spain.†

Body image by Hye Young Byun Essay

Some deny it, some may not show, but we all know that every woman is self-conscious about her body and want to fix it. How often do you look yourself in a mirror and imagine how good you would look if you lost ten pounds? It is either that your butt is too big or too small, or your waist is too thick, your legs look like tree trunks, or your nose is too high or flat, your eyes are too small or your skin is oily and the list seems endless. The heroin chic is on trend, where a person is too skinny she looks to be involved in heroin abuse. Recently, a 22 year old woman Luisa Ramos died of heart failure from Anorexia Nervosa. Actresses and models are becoming younger, thinner and taller. Media knows that we have low self-esteem so they attack us, women of all ages. Many women regardless of nationality or age contain negative body image and if they do not develop healthier body image, they will suffer physically and emotionally. How bad is our negative body image? During childhood, we grow up, looking at Barbie dolls, which is too skinny in size that if she were made into living person, her back would be too weak to support her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain only than half of a liver and only a few centimeters of bowel. When we grow older, we watch makeup and beauty product ads that contain models that are severely underweight. Studies have shown that 81% of women in Canada feel anxious and insecure after watching a 30 second advertisement promoting beauty improvement on TV. (Wellness edu) Firstly, our negative body image causes us to think that we are bigger in size than reality. A study found that women overestimate the size of their hips by 16% and their waists by 25% yet they were correctly able to estimate the size of a box. (Nancy Hayssen blog-Shocking body image statistics) We think that our body is fatter than it actually is, because we feel depressed when comparing our ‘normal’ body to ‘fake’ images in media. Secondly, containing unhealthy body image makes us have unnecessary fear of gaining weight. Recent study stated that young girls are more afraid of becoming fat than experiencing nuclear war, cancer or even losing their parents. (Wellness Edu) It is terrifying to see that media’s influence even applies to women in such young age. Lastly, having an unhealthy body image will cause women and even men to waste unbelievable amount of time fitting into the ‘ideal’ body. Two out of five women and one out of five men would trade up to five years of their lives to achieve their weight goals. (Wellnessbeing-edu) Also, the average woman in North America spend 2.5 years of her life washing, styling, cutting, coloring, cramping, and straitening her hair at home or in salon. (120 Wolf, 1991) We become prisoner of perfect body without even realizing it. Lots of us think it is not a big deal. But here’s the problem. Body image involves our perception, emotions, imagination and physical sensations. Having negative body image damages all of these parts. Having negative body image will bring many negative effects to women. Firstly, it will lead to depression or lower self-esteem. Feeling insecure and less confident, women are more likely to believe or fall in for the exaggerated advertisement shown in media. They will look at air brushed models or celebrities who has gone through several cosmetic surgeries, and feel ashamed of their own body. Women will experience financial damage from spending lots of money into cosmetics, clothes, diet products, and even cosmetic surgeries. The diet industry itself is worth between 40 to 100 billion dollars a year only selling temporary weight loss programs! (People magazine Sept.2000) Secondly, unhealthy body image will lead to Eating disorders or bad habits. One of four women in early 20s in North America uses unhealthy methods of weight control like fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self- induced vomiting.(American research group Anorexia Nervosa& related Eating Disorders Inc.) The pressure to be thin is not only affecting older women but young girls as young down to 5 or 6. Nearly half of all girls wish to be thinner. (â€Å"Appearance Culture in Nine-to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction†) Last, but not least, women could develop disorders like Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia is a disorder where a person has extreme fear of gaining weight, and women with this disorder believe themselves to be overweight when they are actually visibly underweight to the point where they need hospitalization. Up to 450,000 Canadian women were affected by Anorexia Nervosa or extreme eating disorder in 2006. (Teen Vogue 2006) Many women if not all, mostly think that worrying a little about their health is not a big deal or a good thing. But they don’t even realize how severe their worrying has become. It has become severe to the point where they lose their identity. If you as a woman do not stop having unhealthy body image, it will lead to very unhappy life. So how do we not have negative body image? It seems so hard to just let go and be free. Women’s biggest concern and biggest interest is beauty. There are lots of ways to keep you healthy, but free of pressure, and stay beautiful but still have positive body image. First, you need to accept people of all sizes and shapes. (Margo Maine’s book â€Å"Body Wars,†) You can even make a list of people that you admire regardless of their body. Does their outer appearance affect how you feel about them? Appreciating the people around you will help you appreciate yourself. Secondly, another way to avoiding having negative body image is to question Media’s messages. (What Do You See When You Look in the Mirror?, Thomas F. Cash, Ph.D., Bantam Books, New York, 1995.) Media is a powerful source that could influence women. 96% of normal women in Canada do not match up to the models and actresses shown in the media. Average model is 5’10† with weight of 110 pounds, while the average woman is 5’4†³ with weight of 142 pounds. Women should remember that most of the images presented have gone through Photoshop or have been airbrushed. They also need to learn that media is not hundred percent honest to reality. Lastly, women today need to learn to listen to their body, not abuse it. They should eat when they are hungry. Staying fit in the healthiest way is to eat when you feel hunger, and to exercise in an enjoyable way, regardless of stress, or pressure to lose weight. While listening to their body women should also ask themselves this question: Would I rather spend my precious time with my family, friends, on school, and on career? Or would I spend it on pursuing the â€Å"perfect body image†? I don’t think anyone would give up their quality time with family on for accomplishing lower weight goals. All of these things will bring great benefits to your life. Today, in Canada, we have freedom to accomplish whatever we want to. Yet, women are prisoners of beauty myth, and appearance. Negative body image is a serious problem and has damaging effects on women’s self-esteem and it can lead to depression, as well as an eating disorder or other disorders like Anorexia Nervosa. It also causes women to waste time on diets, or improving their outer beauty, and also fear gaining weight more than anything. Medias influence us every day, producing air brushed models that are severely underweight. Media causes women to feel angry and anxious about their own body. But we can develop healthier body image if we appreciate ourselves for who we are and listen to our body. We lose lots of women in Canada that starve themselves to death. Women need to learn to self-love and respect their body instead of abusing it. Our bodies are not our enemies, and it is our responsibilities to stay unique and set our own trend.

Book review for The Gangster We Are All Looking For by Le Thi Diem Essay

Book review for The Gangster We Are All Looking For by Le Thi Diem Thuy - Essay Example Thuy gives us a shared feeling of the situation and we are placed in layers of captivity by the elders unintentionally though! The circumstances were beyond the control of the Vietnamese elders. Loss of identity and the ensuing struggles was the first phase in their life. Dealing with the consequences and ensuing struggle to get accustomed to the new surroundings was the second stage. The third stage was breaking free from the past and looking forward to the new horizons. By and large Vietnamese-Americans have translated into reality that every crisis is an opportunity and they have gone through the difficult process of establishing the new identity. One important question is whether the author is sincere about her writings. I have no doubt about that and she has recorded the narrations without any motivated desires and as such I give more credence to the narrations than any researched material. This history of this family is like the barometer of the history of Vietnamese people in relation to America. From destruction of identity to its reconstructions is not an ordinary effort. Certain features of the lost identity are lost forever and they can never be recouped, and the only possibility is their fond and painful recollection. The author asserts that she gets some satisfaction by thinking about the palm trees of Vietnam, her parent’s love story, the â€Å"gangster† dispositions of her father, and she even does not hesitate to name her mother as â€Å"bad ass†. The unfortunate incident of the death of her brother constantly bothers her. In the end, the novel leaves the reader directionless and destination-less. That perhaps was the plight of millions of Vietnamese people who suffered untold miseries on account of the long war. The suffering of the near and dear ones of the Vietnamese and Americans soldiers who died was also intense. Besides being a writer, Thuy, is a performing artist. She was born in Vietnam and her parents left Vietnam along with her. The family settled in San Diego. The author writes, â€Å"We live in the country of California, the province of San Diego, the village of Linda Vista.†(88)The author now lives in western Massachusetts. Her parents lived a violently troubled marriage and the author had to put on with this private family war and it must have impacted her psyche as an adolescent as her mind was impressionable. About her father the author writes, â€Å"...my father, a Buddhist gangster from the North...† (79) Like other Vietnamese who suffered on account of the war, the beginning of the new life was extremely tough for them, as they were seized with grief, longing and cravings for love. Every incident narrated in the story, has the reflection of these three elements. At the psychological level, the author enjoys a love-hate relationship with America. The atrocities committed by the American Army and the resultant devastation to many thousands of families were part of the hi story. America was then protector to a number of Vietnamese also, as the country was caught in an ideological civil war, which the author considers as more damaging than the American war. Coming to terms with the American way of life was not optional, but destined compulsion. She found everything new, the threatening technology embraced every segment of life, the cultural gap and the racist behavior of schoolmates, who clubbed all Southeast Asian immigrants as â€Å"

The distinction between ethics and the law in the context of Gary's Assignment

The distinction between ethics and the law in the context of Gary's business situation - Assignment Example With ethics, there is need for a good relationship with customer whether you are giving them what they need or you are short of what they need. With ethics, arrogance is not in the picture. With the law, it is necessary for your employees to give you value for your money but with ethics, offering service to you is on consensus where you both benefit from. Ordering them to work extra hours at the regular rate with no complain is a form of dictatorship baring in mind that they have responsibilities they have to meet especially for the single moms. There should be a point of negotiation where one airs their likes and dislikes for a peaceful coexistence between the owner of the business and the employees. Though the business has flourished, it is important for ethics to be upheld for the business to continue growing. This is because with such an attitude, Gary risks incurring losses due to hiring cost. People want to work where they are accepted and respected. Adopting a different view and different behavior will not only save him money, but will create an atmosphere conducive for his employees, customers and

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer the question - Essay Example With this, it becomes paramount to understand peoples’ emotion in a social context. The emotional and social intelligence consists of four quadrants. These are self-management, Self-awareness, relationship and social awareness management. A framework of self-management enables leaders or individuals to use their beliefs, knowledge, abilities, and skills to facilitate health-related outcomes. This aspect is crucial because it enables leaders to managers others effectively as they understand their interests in areas of professionalism. Self-awareness is the recognition of one’s personality, which includes weaknesses, strengths, beliefs, motivation, emotions, thoughts, and opportunities. Self-awareness is importance because it enables people to understand other people, their attitude, and responses at a given place or time. Through self-awareness, one is able to see where his emotions and thoughts are directing to. It enables people to control their own emotions, personali ty, and behaviour as they work hard toward facilitating growth in any set-up. Relationship and social awareness management enables leaders to understand their own feelings, concerns, and needs. ... Still, one may lack a clear understand of his behaviour patterns, thoughts, and personality thus not facilitating into success. In my opinion, social and emotional intelligence is important for managers to understand. This is because it creates a strong ground to understand one’s thoughts and how others perceive things. HR managers and leaders should also pay attention to it to foster excellent leadership at their assigned duties (Seltzer 20). By utilizing social and emotional intelligence, one understands people’s behaviour, their personality, behaviour patterns, and what they can do best. For many years, social and emotional intelligence has been considered as the most critical and important factor of determining how successful an employee or individual can be in work or life. The intelligence quotient account helps managers to understand what accounts for an individual’s success at work or in life. It creates a strong ground to understand what an employee can do best. As a result, this fosters success in that it allows competitive employees to perform their assigned duties effectively and successfully. Of the 26 competencies of the social and emotional intelligence, I believe I have the greatest strengths in achievement drive, integrity, and empathy. In all assigned duties, I strive to meet the standards of excellence, and this motivates me to work hard. I have a strong achievement drive to be the best in all I do, and strives to enhance growth, success, and change in all I do. At the work place, I maintain high standards of truthfulness, sincerity, honesty, and ethics. I am optimistic in all I do and persist in achieving my set goals and objectives regardless of setbacks and obstacles. Lastly, I have

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Report - Essay Example Based on this concept, I examine my everyday practices to gain self-awareness and to critically assess my response to various situations. Although learning through experience plays an important role in the development of the professionals, often experience alone is not sufficient for learning. One needs to reflect or revisit the experience so that it is not forgotten. Reflection is an operation of mind which gives rise to new ideas and thoughts (Scharp, 2008). This operation helps understand and handle different situations and once you reflect on an idea you gain an entirely new view on how it appeared to you in the first instance. Therefore in my opinion, reflection helps understand a situation better while forming a link between theory and practice. Brigden and Purcell (2014) stated that unless a link is established between theory and practice, reading based on evidence is of little use. Hence it can be said that reflection has helped me develop the most effective delivery in terms of student learning which is also both manageable and practicable. This report shares my personal experiences and reflections on my action learning exercise. We were assigned an action learning task in which we have to work as a group. As a group we worked as an action learning set where we have to work in coordination with each other to accomplish the task of preparing the presentation. I am reflecting on that experience to learn from its outcomes as Surgenor (2011) emphasised that when you become aware of your shortcomings and reflect upon them you take appropriate steps to correct them. Through observation and analysis, one becomes able to figure out the problems and rectify them. This report is a reflective essay to help me learn from my experience of the group work. I used the Kolbs Model as a guide while assessing my experiences in this action learning exercise. Kolb’s learning

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Funding Healthcare Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Funding Healthcare Services - Assignment Example It is important to denote that privatized ambulatory company aim at making profits. The insurance cover of the patients under consideration also plays a role in paying the services offered by the ambulatory company/organization (Accountability Office, 2005). The society and other non-profit making organization in the health sector also provide ambulatory services. The government can use the tax payer’s money to sponsor such kind of an organization. This is because they contribute in the provision of medical services, to the public, at a cheaper cost. On this basis, to increase their efficiency, the government needs to fund these organizations. Hospitals are also responsible for the provision of ambulatory services. These services can either be paid by the insurance company, or the patient under consideration, but this mostly occurs if the hospital under consideration is a private hospital (Mossialos, 2002). The ambulatory services provided by government owned hospitals should be funded by the tax payer’s money. This is because people, who access government hospitals, are always poor, and sometimes, they cannot afford to pay for their medical costs. Funding Services in Continuum Long Term Care: For purposes of financing services in long term care, it is important to involve all the stake holders of the health industry within the country. That is during the process of policy formulation. For example, when formulating a policy on how to finance services offered under continuum long term care, it is important to analyze the various costs that hospitals offer in the provision of such kind of services (Accountability Office, 2012). For example, it is very expensive to fund patients suffering from chronic diseases. This is because the disease takes a long period of time to treat, and the medications are very expensive. On this basis, to fund the treatment and care of such kind of diseases, it is necessary to involve the taxpayers, nongovernmental organiz ations, and insurance companies. The government needs to introduce insurance health care programs that can help to reduce the high costs of long term care (Fortinash, 2012). These health insurance programs must be funded by the taxpayers. In other words, the government needs to introduce new taxes that will fund the program under consideration. However, while increasing taxes for purposes of raising money to fund long term care, the government should be careful not to raise taxes on medical equipments, and health products that are used for purposes of providing health services in long term care. In fact, the government should reduce taxes in health care products, as this will most definitely lead to a reduction in the various costs associated with the provision health services to satisfy long term care (Levy, 2012). There is also the need of providing grants to hospitals that offer services in continuum long term care. The government and other non-governmental organizations should i dentify such health care organization, and thereafter fund them through grants. However, these grants should be attached with strict conditions that the hospital under consideration must meet. That is if they wish to continue receiving those grants from the federal government, and non-governmental

Using the product or service of your choice describe the behaviors in Assignment

Using the product or service of your choice describe the behaviors in making a purchase - Assignment Example Chaudhuri (2006) noted that consumer behaviour is influenced by both internal and external factors. The internal factors include personality, lifestyle, motivation, demographics, attitudes, feelings, beliefs, knowledge etc. The external factors include: ethnicity, family, advice, locality, culture, social class etc. The motive of the purchaser or consumer is one of the important factors influencing the purchase of a car. According to Evans, Foxal and Jamal (2009), motive is the driving force that makes an individual want to obtain a certain product. In this case, the purchase of a car will depend entirely on the needs of the purchaser. A consumer may have certain needs that make it necessary to purchase a car instead of purchasing a motor bike for instance. This needs underpin the processes involved in deciding to buy a car. Again the social status and financial capability of a purchaser also influences the decision to purchase. A buyer with good financial capability will purchase a car based on his social standing in the society and the impression he or she wants to make. Such a buyer not only needs a car, but the car has to conform to certain desired standards. These factors go hand in hand with the lifestyle of the purchaser of the car. According to Graves (2010), the purchaser’s attitude towards a certain type of car in combination to his or her knowledge and ability play a central role in determining whether a purchaser of a car will purchase a certain car. The knowledge of a purchaser of a car with regards to strengths and weaknesses of the car shape his attitude towards the car and this in combination with his financial ability then determine which type of car will be bought. Social factors also influence the purchaser’s choice of a product. According to Underhill (2008), social factors like family, friends and the greater society influence a purchaser’s choice. A buyer will buy a car that meets the criterion that in

Individual Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Employment Law - Case Study Example Several matters need to be taken into consideration regarding your current situation with filing an injunction against Brett your sales and marketing director. Employment law protects Brett as well as you so I advise you to carefully pursue the issue. Fraser Younson was quoted in the September 2 issue of Lawyers Weekly Magazine in an article about the rise in claims by employees against their firms, a relatively new issue in the British legal profession. Unfair or wrongful dismissal claims occur when firms to do follow the correct procedure made mandatory in legislation on October 1, 2004. "In some firms in particular, partners need to understand that they need to coach employees on an on-going basis, not just mention their shortcomings at appraisals," (Younsun) The major issue you have at hand is a no compete contract where the contract was an oral agreement. An oral agreement is legal and binding as long as consideration was present. In the case of consideration and your verbal agreement with Brett consideration was present but there are other matters at hand that must be taken into consideration. One of them is the time factor. As the agreement between Brett and yourself was never formally written up a date and the time limit on the agreement are difficult to determine at this time. The proof of the time is difficult to prove at this point. McDermott was recommended in Legal 500 Eur... egration following the acquisitions of two German companies, a varied and challenging mandate which required negotiations with trade unions and group works council on a mass redundancy program, and the establishment of a European works council." (Anthony) Essentially you had a no compete oral contract with Brett. Legal for such a contract should read: (a) Company Information. The Company will make available to the Independent Contractor certain Confidential Information of the Company, previously non-disclosed to him or her, which will enable him or her to optimize the performance of his or her duties to the Company. In exchange, the Independent Contractor agrees to use such Confidential Information solely for the Company's benefit. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Independent Contractor agrees that upon the expiration or termination of the Agreement, the Company shall have no obligation to provide or otherwise make available to the Independent Contractor any of its Confidential Information. "Confidential Information" means any Company proprietary information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom the Independent Contractor called or with whom her o r she became acquainted during the term of the contract), markets, software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, hardware configuration information, marketing, finances or other business information disclosed to the Independent Contractor by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally or by drawings or observation of parts or equipment. Confidential Information

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research Paper Example The poor usually undergo a lot of stress, which lead to change of eating habits; they eat more while bored and angered. In conclusion, obesity can be reduced among the poor if better living conditions are provided and inflation rates brought down. Introduction Obesity refers to a situation in which a human body accumulates a lot of fats that end up with adverse effects. Obesity is measured using the body mass index (BMI). Therefore, individuals are considered to be overweight when their body mass index is between 25 and 30, but any person whose BMI is above 30 is said to be obese. Normally, obesity is associated with too much consumption of calories accompanied by little amount of exercise. Additionally, several other factors are to contribute to obesity, for example, age, gender, medication, health conditions, and environmental factors, emotional and physical activities. It is evident that when people grow older their metabolic rates reduce; therefore, they should take different kin ds of food. Young people have a lot of energy to break down the calories, which is why obesity cases are rare among them as compared to those in their 40s. In terms of gender, research shows that women are prone to obesity than men (Sutton 2005). This is because men burn up a lot of calories while resting. It has also been established that when women reach menopause, they tend to gain more weight because they experience a decrease in their metabolic rate. Research also indicates that genetic makeup of an individual can contribute to obesity. If a person’s biological mother or father is heavy, there is about 75% probability of the sibling being overweight. This is unavoidable because one is born with those genes. With the changing lifestyles, people tend to eat a lot of junk food leading to them being overweight. Working schedules have interfered with the normal functioning of human bodies because many people seat for longer hours in the office. Emotional issues influence eati ng habits; emotionally disturbed individuals tend to eat a lot hence poorly manage their weight. Anger and boredom also believed to cause too much eating. Ill health can also cause obesity because of hormonal changes, which slowdown metabolism (Sutton 2005). Depression and some mental diseases can also lead to too much consumption of food. While, under medication, some individual can gain weight because of the drugs they are subjected to, for example, antidepressants and steroids. Obesity can be treated through physical exercises, using foods with low fat content and high fiber; a balanced diet is emphasized. Changes in lifestyles and reduction of psychological disturbances, as well as, taking medications can reduce obesity. Several negative effects are associated with obesity for instance high blood pressure, diabetes and disease of the heart. Moreover, cancer has been associated with obesity; uterus, breast and gallbladder cancer in women while prostate cancer in men. Because a lo t of weight exerts stress on the joints, the hips and knees suffer. Many people view that obese individuals are not attractive; therefore, they undergo stress because of rejection and criticism. Recently, it has been found out that the poor get obese too. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify the reasons behind obesity among the poor (Sutton 2005). Body Over the years, poverty is said to a major factor towards obesity. Inflation and high food prices will

Research skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research skills - Essay Example The current logistic system at the port relies on the traditional approaches to clearing and forwarding of the goods at the port. The case study company has various logistic resources such as handling equipments, yards and labour. In addition, the company uses two separate logistics approaches, which include the import and export logistic processes. The import logistic process entails different activities such as vessels unloading by quay cranes and vessels anchorage at berths. In addition, it encompasses transportation of the containers to the yard cranes for the purpose of storage (ElMesmary, Song & Dinwoodie, 2014). The customs authorities inspect the containers in the various storage yards in order to provide an exit go ahead. Consequently, the logistics company avails the containers to the respective customers through tracks and railway system (Karmelić, Dundović & Kolanović, 2012). On the other hand, the logistic process for exports includes different steps such as entrance of the customers’ trucks into the terminals and handling of the containers from the trucks by lifters. In addition, the logistics company tractors move the containers to the quay cranes, which load them to the vessels. The logistics company model operates different activities regarding export and import processes. The current model aims at enhancing efficiency in the logistics process by integrating both export and import processes into a pipe flow. The pipe flow model comprises of various activities that link both export and import activities to reduce dwell time of the containers at the terminal. The model starts with vessel, which forms the imports’ process entry point. Three births follow the vessels, which enables three vessels to berth simultaneously at the terminal. In additional, a five quay cranes unload and the load the containers

Tax File Memorandam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax File Memorandam - Assignment Example According to Section 165(c) (3): Reg. Â §1.165-7, losses which can be in partial or complete damage of properties that are contributed due to storm, shipwreck or fire, or any other casualty are considered to be deductible casualty losses. Again, IRS Publication 547: Casualties, Disasters, and Theft [2013] demands that, any damage associated with any automobile accident becomes considered under a deductible casualty loss. It is when the automobile is used for either business or for personal use as stated in Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a) (3). However, it is required that for a taxpayer to be able to claim the casualty deductible, the event that causes the casualty must be determined as sudden [see Rev. Rul. 72-592, 1972-2 CB 101]. A sudden event is required to be swift and happens very fast at ones. It is different from an even which is progressive and takes time gradually. We would consider that Georges automobile submerged into the frozen lake at ones and not gradually since it occurred with in a short period. The event is qualified to be a swift, hence a sudden one. George can only be denied the deduction if the court carries out its research well and finds out that it is through Georges negligence, (W.H. Carpenter v Commr, 25 TCM 1186, Dec.28.148 (M)), that his automobile was submerged and destroyed (Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a)(3)(i)). However, under the circumstance of sudden destruction of the automobile, including looting, fire or theft, George and any other taxpayer will be allowed a deduction. It is, therefore, determined that, in Georges case, the damage to the automobile was more likely than not, caused by a causality. The determination could only occur if George were not aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could submerge. However, if it could be determined that George was aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could possibly submerge, and he went ahead to park his car on it, then the deduction could be denied due to

UAE Labor Law and Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UAE Labor Law and Relations - Essay Example center of a far-reaching controversy with the government and private employers being accused of exploiting underpaying and generally mistreating workers (Kanna 147). The Industry in question in most cases is the construction industry; it is worth noting that in the UAE, there are over 500,000 foreign workers who are tasked with the construction of the world famous skyscrapers and breathtaking architectural wonders that have turned cities like Dubai into Meccas of building engineering (Shaoul). The immigrant workers make up to 95% of the labor on the building sites may of them from East Asia, India, the Philippines and North Africa. Controversy has riddled the industry since it has been frequently claimed that employees are forced to work under inhuman conditions that border slavery (Forstenlechner, Madi, Selim and Rutledge 412). The immigrant laborious are often forced to pay back their travelling expenses at incredibly high interests rates and their passports taken away on arrival s o they cannot leave or look for a different job. Ironically, on paper, the labor laws are relatively progressive on paper and they protect all workers local or immigrant from being exploited or abused by their employers. Nevertheless, this is rarely implemented and in most cases, even when the governments may force employers to restitute or compensate employees for damages and/or loss of life there are very few cases of employers having legal action taken against them irrespective of the gravity of their crimes to the staff. It is estimated that over 800 hired workers die on the job for a variety of reasons ranging from exhaustion, sunstroke, suicide and myriad more courses. In as far as compensation is concerned; the employee is entitled to a basic wage which according to the law is the total sum monies paid as stipulated in the labor contract not inclusive of allowances for accommodation or travel. Their total wage on the other hand is the amount paid when they have been provided

Introduction to operations and supply chain management Case Study

Introduction to operations and supply chain management - Case Study Example s by having electronics products that would otherwise pose health risks in landfills, being taken back to the factory to leave the lands free for other economic activities (Partridge, 2010). Thirdly, the specific consumers usually benefit from better, more functional electronic products by replacing their outdated versions with new ones. Finally, by absorbing the waste plastics and circuit boards of dysfunctional products, Samsung is technically saving the relevant governments of resources which would otherwise be used to maintain an eco-friendly environment (Partridge, 2010). This implies the electronics manufacturer has technically eliminated the need for governments in charge of its markets to create awareness on the need for environmental conservation and or to set up waste recycling plants such as plastic incinerators. According to Partridge (2010), building sustainable supply chains differs from good business practices because the former is more comprehensive. Sustainable supply chains involves incorporating ecologically and financially worthwhile practices in the core of supply chain processes, from R&D stages, to raw material selection, to production, packaging, haulage, storage, delivery, consumption and disposal. In contrast, good business practices are rather secondary to the production and supply of products. Samsung would still have implemented the Take Back and Recycling programs in markets where there are limited regulations, as a way of capping costs of production and keeping in pace with rapidly evolving technologies in the electronics industry. As Partridge (2010) noted, technology and electronic products are normally affected the most by rapid development of more sophisticated gadgetry. Constant evolution of technologies would have pushed Samsung into adopting Take Back and Recycling program on the basis of keeping the cost of production and distribution considering that procuring new supplies is usually costlier. The same case applies to

The Red Convertible Essay Example for Free

The Red Convertible Essay In The Red Convertible, Louise Erdrich combines a coming of age story of two Native American brothers with an allegory of the struggle of Native Americans to adapt to and live in the world controlled by White Americans. The title The Red Convertible is a play on words describing the attempts of Native Americans or Redskins as they are called in bad movies from the 1950s to convert to the lifestyle of the white people. In the first part of the story Lyman recounts his ability to make money easily in the white world. He is the only Native American boy allowed to shine shoes in the local American Legion, he sells spiritual bouquets for the nuns from the mission, and he takes a job at the Joliet Cafà © at the age of fifteen and becomes its owner. He seems destined to be a success in the white world. When Lyman and his older brother Henry combine their money on a trip to Winnipeg, they are able to buy a red Oldsmobile convertible. Using this car for transportation, the Lamartine brothers set out on a trip along the United States-Canadian border and on to Alaska. He remembers nothing that he has seen of the white world. Instead Lyman remembers the time spent in a place with willows (Erdrich page number no comma). Here he feels comfortable and at peace. Lyman also remembers with pleasure the time spent in Alaska where he felt like an animal in nature (Erdrich page number no comma). When Lyman and Henry return to the reservation, Henry is drafted into the Marines and sent to Vietnam. Soon after arrival he is captured and remains a prisoner of war for three years. When he returns home, Henry has changed for the worse. An important part of him has been lost in the war. In the spring after his return, he and Lyman drive the red convertible to the Red River to see the high water. While watching the water, Henry reaches a decision about his life, â€Å"I know it. I can’t help it. It’s no use (Erdrich page number no comma). Briefly, Lyman finds himself hoping that the old Henry as finally returned, but his hopes are frustrated when Henry suddenly stands, dives in the river and allows himself to drown. Lyman realizes Henry has killed himself because he no longer is able to exist in either the white world or with his people. After Henry disappears beneath the water, Lyman allows the car to roll into the river. This action symbolizes his rejection of the white way that destroyed his older brother. He destroys his car and now walks every where he goes. He is no longer content to be a Red Convertible. Works Cited Erdrich, Louise. The Red Convertible. Name of book story is located in italics. Ed. Editors name or names for more than one editor. Place of Publication such as Toronto: Publisher, year of publication, pages of story.

Campaign Speech Essay Example for Free

Campaign Speech Essay To our beloved beautiful, sexy and ever dynamic campus administrator Dr. Ma. Evengeline P. Perez, to the different chairs of different departments, to the faculty and staff of this institution, to my co-aspirants and to the best students of the whole world, a pleasant afternoon to each in everyone. We are convened here this afternoon for another remarkable and momentous activity in our lives as students, for this afternoon’s activity is considered as one of our greatest decision-making in our lives as students. A wise decision in choosing a leader who will serve as your voice and will hear and answer your queries towards your rights as one of the important stakeholders of this institution. My fellow Cenphilians, the man standing in front of you right now is an aspirant to become a leader, who had bore in mind that being a leader is not an opportunity to rule over the others nor to enslave other people. For me, becoming a leader is a great challenge and responsibility to continue the good administration done by the previous people in authority on the Supreme Student Government or otherwise known as the SSG. I being an aspirant leader of the said organization, would like to continue hearing your voices as what the previous administration did, in order that you can express and exercise your freedom of speech. And I as an aspirant, will serve as your stairway that your voices will be recognized as a student until everything will be okay. And as been said by a not so intelligent creature in the cartoon Spongebob Square Pants, â€Å"Everything will be okay at the end; if it is not okay, yet it is not the end† that is according to Patrick the Starfish. Yes this is really true my fellow cenphilians, and actually one of the reasons why I ran on this organization is that I want to encourage and influence everyone to pursue your dreams. If you haven’t ask me, I am one of the indigent students of this institution but still I am strong enough to overcome the challenges in life being a student. The courage I have in myself, forces me to ran as a leader, thinking that if God’s well, I can influence others in a positive way. And if ever I may not be lucky enough today, still I can assure you, you can still come on me for some motivations and advices, and I will never hesitate myse lf to help and comfort you in terms of your problems. Cause I ran thinking that I am not just be a leader but also will set myself as your â€Å"Manong† who is willing to guide and help you in terms of any unavoidable  difficulties in school or even outside the school premises (financially not involve). I can also be your friend for I am willing to render an extra ordinary services for the goodness of everybody that will enhance our personality for the betterment of the entire community. Lastly, I ran as a president on the SSG execom with a purpose of having a positive changes in our institution throughout my leadership to maintain our name on top, CPSU CAUAYAN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, and I want that changes to be solicited from you. For I believe, as what a wise man says that, a good leader is always a good follower and yes Indeed. And if ever I became a leader, I want a fair treatment to every students, and being a president in God’s well is not my only chance but everybody’s chance to express your thoughts and ideas for the betterment of the campus, because hopefully, I Arjay T. Bando a 3rd year BEED student, is an open-minded, trustworthy and approachable person is ready to serve you my fellow Cenphilians with all my heart and up to the best that I can. Of course, all of these things would not be materialized without your support my fellow Cenphilians. Let us work in hand and hand, all together for the success of our plans. So I am asking for your full support to please vote me, don’t forget my name Arjay Bando aspiring to be the next President of the Supreme student Government for the school year 2015-2016,and together with my senators â€Å"maga isa kita padulong sa kauswagan sng aton Institution†. Read more:  Campaign Speech Examples

Example Essay On Interprofessional Collaberation In Practice Nursing Essay

Example Essay On Interprofessional Collaberation In Practice Nursing Essay Section 1 According to Cullen et al (2003), in order to meet the demands of a modern National Health Service (NHS) professionals are encouraged to work collaboratively and form partnerships to ensure seamless delivery of care. Interprofessional Education (IPE) is advocated as a means to enable professionals to understand one another and break down boundaries between them. (p.427). The nature of nursing care is predicated on an idea of working within a team, and a premium is almost always placed on communication, not just as a means of caring for patients and ultimately saving lives, but also to alleviate the stresses and strains associated with frontline care. Whilst the idea of communication being important is not new, the formation of IP teams, particularly within the realm of nursing, is. Cullen et al set out in order to try and better understand what positive lessons could be learnt from such a process. This essay will seek to try and understand the thinking that went into this study, base d on the real life experiences of the author. Cullen et al conclude their study with the point that The development of IPE aided communication and collaboration between the academics and health professionals and helped to break down professional boundaries. Testing out new methods through action research has enhanced our understanding of the implications for students and teachers. (p.432). Whilst I ultimately found this to be the case, I would like to go into a bit of detail as to why exactly I came to these conclusions. Having met the group for the first time, we were all introduced and began to mingle. Given how short we had all known each other, it was difficult to establish any common points of reference. One imagines that within the workplace, where relationships are formed and cultivated over a longer period of time, always within a professional context, such relationships would be less artificial or constructed. Nonetheless, our different perspectives were in no way artificial, and it was useful to try and understand ever yones reasons for choosing to study what they do, even if few of us had had the chance to put those studies to consistent, long-term effect under the professionals rigours of frontline care. As such, many of the early discussions were very much more theoretical, idealistic even, than they might possibly be after a few years of experience within frontline care. There was however, a certain amount of agreement too. All of the students were aware of the positive benefits of IPE and felt that by virtue of being medical students, they were in some way isolated from the larger university student body as a whole. This had both positive and negative effects. Whilst some argued that it brought the students closer together, others admitted that they felt isolated at times. Either way, it is clear that stereotyping is not a positive factor in IPE. As Fraser et al (2005) acknowledge, Professional stereotyping is considered to cause barriers to effective working relationships and team approaches to care. Learning together at undergraduate level can promote different professional groups understanding and respect for one another and an appreciation of the importance of team working in the health sector. (p.271) This collaborative way of thinking helped us formulate our first group sentence, Poor communication is the lack of ability to articulate to and interpret information from other Health Care Professionals (HCPs), which then tied in closely with our second sentence: Negative attitudes towards other HCPs leads to a  breakdown in communication. As Koubel and Bungay (2010) showed, this is key for any multidisciplinary approach to have any sort of success. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the question in hand, social work provides some useful analogues. Social workers form partnerships with people: helping them to assess and interpret the problems they face, and supporting them in finding solutions. They have to know how the law works and be fully up to speed with the social welfare system. They will liaise regularly with other professionals teachers, doctors, nurses, police, lawyers acting on behalf of the people they are working with. (http://www.socialworkandcare.co.uk) Furthe rmore, as Brayne and Carr (1999) point out,social workers are the creation of government; government is therefore accountable to the public for their work and obliged to regulate their activities. Second, social workers as caring professionals are themselves accountable to their users and to the public at large. (p.6) The same is very much true of healthcare professionals, and interprofessional relationships need to be understood in this context. There is a duty not only to provide the patient with the best care possible, but also to deliver value for money for the taxpayer. Accordingly, interprofessional relationships need to be fostered to deliver the most efficient and effective care possible. What exactly does this involve? Of course, in the professional arena, job roles are to a certain extent prescribed by job titles. However, within the stress of the workplace, roles can become muddled and confused. Accordingly, one of our major tasks involved role definition. It is not simply enough to be clear with one another: practitioners need to define their roles and act accordingly. As Skott (2001) notes, Professional nursing care is formed and carried out in a social cultural process. The discipline of nursing should study narrative communication to understand how individual and collective levels are connected in experiences of sickness and cure. (p.249) Nonetheless, Brereton (1995) has shown that there are still a great deal of holes in the critical thinking towards communication in nursing care: The theory-practice relationship and the use of communication and interpersonal skills in nursing have been recurrently identified as issues causing concernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there appea rs to be a reliance on mentors to assess student progress and determine whether they have knowledge underpinning practice. Classroom teaching was recognized as idealistic but the divisions in participants opinions led to difficulty in determining whether a theory-practice gap actually exists. (p.314). As a group, we all came to the conclusion that one of the key aspects of IPE is avoiding stereotypes. This was viewed as a fundamental basis for the following points: It is important to value each professions individual contribution to overall patient welfare. Varying perspectives exist, but any barriers must be overcome in order to promote holistic care. Pre conceived notions of any member of the Multi disciplinary team need to be challenged. Hierarchical states of mind have no place when a multi disciplinary team is working towards service user goals. Whilst communication and stereotyping avoidance may seem like natural bedfellows, it was interesting to be exposed to a group which arrived with preconceived notions of how the nursing profession worked. Whilst my experience of frontline care is limited, my brief experiences have shown that stereotyping is endemic. This may range from physicians making certain judgements about the role or usefulness of nurses, or even vice versa, but throughout the conference, it became clear that attitudes such as these had no place within the professional world of HCPs. Not only do they create a negative, hostile atmosphere, but they also prevent HCPs from doing their job properly, and ultimately, pose a threat to the treatment of patients. Word count 1195. Section 2: In many ways, learning about IPE has been a natural development from the direction my studies were already taking. Anyone interested in nursing is, almost by definition a communicator, as it is a profession in which discussion, listening, and mutual understanding are key. Nonetheless, the things I have learnt from IPE have helped me to understand previous experiences better. Reeves (2001) looked into the 15-month project which evaluated the effectiveness of interprofessional education (IPE) for first and second year medical, nursing and dental students on a community-based placement, using a process-based approach which tracked the education and social processes connected to IPE. Such an approach has helped overcome some of the problems of using before-and-after designs. (p. 269) He found that community-based IPE placements were deeply beneficial in aiding students development, as the on-the-job nature of the tasks they faced forced them to adapt on the spot, often needing to adapt with the help of other HCPs. In my experience this was also the case. When I was helping geriatric patients who were acutely ill, I found that IPE skills became increasingly important. Leff et al (2005) note that Acutely ill older persons often experience adverse events when cared for in the acute care hospital (p.798) Given the anxiety caused to elderly acutely ill patients, any efforts that could be made to accommodate them should be encouraged, and accordingly, the research is both worthwhile and timely. Whilst much literature exists regarding home nursing for end of life care, it is relatively sparse for elderly, acutely ill patients. Zarit (2004) in particular, using the case of disabled patients facing end of life care, note that family members provide a considerable amount of the care for people with terminal illnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and family caregivers must be recognized as an essential part of the treatment team. By clearly recognizing this role, physicians and other health care providers encourage caregivers to be more confident about their abilities to care for their loved ones. (p.170). Zarit goes on to argue that the role of family carer is not only beneficial to the part played by the healthcare professionals, it can also be a cost-effective way of giving patients the best palliative care that they need. He even argues that patient surviva l rates can be affected by paying close attention to family members at the front-line of care. Thus, he recommends that a psychologist or other health care professional familiar with end-of-life care included as part of the treatment team. Although time and effort are required, these strategies may help caregivers provide the care they want to and provide better home care at a reduced risk to their own health. (p.170). Furthermore, as Leff et al go on to point out, Patients, but not caregivers, had increased satisfaction with hospital-at-home care, and there was some evidence that substitutive models may be cost- effective. However, with some exceptions, most of these models would be difficult to distinguish from augmented skilled nursing services, community-based long-term care, or home-based primary care services in the United States. (p.798) As we can see, there are clearly a number of benefits associated with care at home. However, for the caregiver, such situations can also create a raft of potential problems. Whilst most academics agree that the influence of the family is generally a positive one, not much critical thinking has been devoted to what role the family play in allowing HCPs to perform their job as they should. Outside of the hospital environment, the familys role is much greater, and often, in my experience at least, they feel that this entitles them to a greater degree of say in the patients care. Whilst I would generally agree with this, I had one experience in particular which made me question this. Because of the increased role of the family in this case, they felt that they knew best about how to care for their acutely ill family member. However, there was evidence to suggest that they were not delivering the right level of care. Since returning home, the patients condition had deteriorated, and there was a strong argument to be made for readmission into hospital, something the family were completely against. Whilst the physician in charge was willing to watch and see how the situation developed, the critical care nurse was pressing for readmission, the difference in opinions shows the power dynamics between the physician and nurse and has been noted without in-depth discussion between the two, created a barrier to effective collaboration (Manias Street 2000). However, the family was a low-income family, and as such, used to receive visits from social workers. Accordingly, there was a great deal of IPE needed to deal with the situation. For example, whilst the social worker was not responsible for the health of the patient, and were visiting the family on other grounds, they were consulted on what they thought was occurring under the familys supervision. This involved the nurse in charge communicating with the social worker, an interdisciplinary approach that necessitated diffe rent public sector workers working alongside each other. The interaction between the nurse and social worker showed a co-ordinated effective collaboration between HCPs to provide a service to improve the quality and decision making process of patient care (Spry 2006). However, there were also certain problems at our end. The physician in charge of the patient seemed unwilling to get actively involved. He was well-known to be a poor communicator, and seemed more involved in other aspects of his work than dealing with the patients, particularly when they were no longer in the hospital. However, since nothing could be done without his authority, it was frustrating for myself and the nurse to get anything done with him dragging his feet. Likewise, although the social worker was very willing and able to perform their job, they felt put upon when discussing any problems that fell without their remit. As such, it was left to myself and the nurse in charge to orchestrate managing the problem. Cheek and Rudge (1994) look closely at the socio-aspects of nursing to deconstruct the power relations implicit within the socio-political context of the health care arena in which nursing operates. (p.583) They found that womens health and nursing practice were exem plars of the limiting effects of such discourses. (p.583) Seeing the reaction the female nurses inquiries, it certainly felt that her sex was a limiting factor on how she could get stuff done. The conference was very clear in that one of the major points of IPE was to avoid stereotypes. One of the largest stereotypes is that all nurses are women, and it felt like, the physician in particular, was labouring under some outdated view of nurses that was close to the era of Florence Nightingale than the present day. Of course, gender stereotyping works both ways. McDonald and Bridge (1991) found that Nurses planned significantly more ambulation, analgesic administration, and emotional support time for the male patient, despite the presence of individuating information. More accurate, effective nursing care is possible when nurses are aware of the effect of gender stereotyping on nursing care. (p.373) However, in this instant, it very much felt like the opinion of the nurse in charge was being undermined due to her sex. Although the patient was eventually readmitted, it wasnt done without much bureaucratic leg-dragging, and I was left feeling that this was a poor example of interdisciplinary care. It could have been improved by more willingness of those in charge to define roles clearly, avoid stereotypes, and place the care of the patient at the forefront of their concerns. I hope that in my future career I am able to learn from this, and apply the things I have learnt to an array of challenging real-life situations. Word count 1293.